Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2023

Abstract

Following its introduction for hunting purposes to the United States in the 1800s, the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) has expanded its range throughout North America. The expansion of agriculture and associated increases in rodent prey since the fox’s initial introduction has allowed this species to proliferate. Eastern fox squirrels (Sciurus niger) and eastern gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) are two common prey species of the red fox that occupy similar habitats. Our research objective was to determine if the distribution of red fox was the result of the presence of either squirrel species by using data collected via a nationwide camera trap survey (i.e., Snapshot USA). We downloaded data collected in 2019 to analyze camera trap locations at which the fox or either squirrel species were detected. Red foxes were detected at 12% of the 1,502 surveyed locations, with most prey overlap occurring with eastern gray squirrels (co-occurring at 5.8% of sites) compared to fox squirrels (1.3% sites). Our observations revealed a weak pattern between the distributions of red fox and prey species; however, the strength and reasoning behind this pattern would require further research. The use of camera surveys to evaluate predator distribution in relation to prey species is effective in providing data which reveals spatial patterns. Projects like Snapshot USA help detect wildlife across ecoregions, but can also serve as a baseline for research exploring ecological and geographical trends.

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